Chapter 16: Design of Femtosecond Pulse Sequences to Control Reactions
Optimal control of the density matrix for a three level 
system with dissipation, governed by the Liouville-von Neumann equation with a dissipative superoperator 
:
where 
is the density matrix, H is the Hamiltonian, and
is the dissipative operator.
system with dissipation, governed by the Liouville-von Neumann equation with a dissipative superoperator :
is the density matrix, H is the Hamiltonian, and
is the dissipative operator.