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Sleep, circadian rhythms and hypocretin neuronal networks in zebrafish

Lecture
Date:
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Jacob Ziskind Building
Dr. Lior Appelbaum
|
Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Stanford University

Sleep and circadian rhythms are functionally important in all vertebrates and sleep disorders affect millions of people worldwide. While we understand that the timing and quality of sleep are regulated by circadian and homeostatic processes, the function of sleep is still enigmatic. Increasing evidence points to a role for sleep in maintaining “synaptic homeostasis”. This hypothesis suggests increases in global synaptic strength during wakefulness followed by a decrease during sleep, primarily in memory-related circuits. Hypocretins/orexins (HCRT) are neuropeptides that are important sleep-wake regulators and HCRT deficiency causes narcolepsy in humans and mammalian models. We have functionally characterized the HCRT system in zebrafish, a diurnal transparent vertebrate that is ideally suited to study neuronal anatomy along with sleep and circadian rhythms in vivo. We use time-lapse two-photon imaging in living zebrafish of pre- and post-synaptic markers to determine the dynamics of synaptic modifications during day and night and after manipulation of candidate genes. Video-tracking systems are used to monitor activity and sleep in order to link changes in gene expression and synaptic plasticity with behavioral output. We have found a functional HCRT neurons-pineal gland circuit that is able to modulate melatonin production and sleep consolidation. Importantly, we observed clock-controlled rhythmic variation in synapse number in HCRT axons projecting to the pineal gland. Furthermore, we cloned NPTX2b (neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin, NARP), a protein implicated in AMPA receptor clustering, and showed that it is a clock-controlled gene that regulates rhythmic synaptic plasticity in HCRT axons as well as the sleep promoting effect of melatonin. These data provide real-time, in vivo evidence of circadian regulation of structural synaptic plasticity. Building on this experimental approach, we developed several transgenic lines expressing a variety of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic markers and neuronal activity tools using the GAL4-UAS system. This opens the possibility of studying synaptic plasticity in other circuits, such as those involved in memory formation and learning, which are known to be sleep-dependent in mammals. Such an approach offers the opportunity to study synaptic plasticity in response to pharmacological and behavioral challenges or after genetic manipulation of key synaptic proteins, with complementary monitoring of the resulting behavior in a living vertebrate.

A BRAIN FULL OF MAPS

Lecture
Date:
Tuesday, January 19, 2010
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Jacob Ziskind Building
Dr. Dori Derdikman
|
Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and The Centre for the Biology of Memory Norwegian University for Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway

Grid cells are neurons in the medial entorhinal cortex whose firing locations in a walking animal define a periodic triangular array covering the two-dimensional space in which the rat is moving. Grid cells can be used to calculate the position of the rat in the environment, suggesting that they contribute to representing the concept of space in the brain. It was not known whether the triangular array represented by each grid cell was covering the whole environment, or whether it is fragmented into semi-independent sub-maps. We thus compared two conditions. First the rat was put into an open-field arena, where we could record the periodic triangular grids. Next, we inserted walls into the open-field in order to create a set of corridors such that the rat had to pass from one corridor to the next in a zigzag path we termed this type of test the “hairpin” maze). If the triangular map was covering the whole world, the position of the grid nodes should not have been affected by the insertion of the walls. However, insertion of the walls broke up the grid pattern. The positions in the grid map where the breaking-up occurred were at the turning points between compartments - where one corridor ended and a new one started. We thus concluded that the grid was fragmented; it is “reset’ when the rat is moving from one compartment to another compartment. This implies that the representation of space in the brain is built of multiple independent sub-maps that each cover only a small section of the environment.

A Conference on Neurodegenerative Diseases in Memory of Late Prof. Irith Ginzburg (1943-2008)

Conference
Date:
Wednesday, January 13, 2010
Hour:
Location:

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Changing Human Fear:Brain Mechanisms Underlying Emotional Control and Flexibility

Lecture
Date:
Tuesday, January 12, 2010
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Jacob Ziskind Building
Dr. Daniela Schiller
|
New York University

Learned fear is a process allowing quick detection of associations between cues in the environment and prediction of imminent threat ahead of time. Adaptive function in a changing environment, however, requires organisms to quickly update this learned information and have the ability to hinder fear responses when predictions are no longer correct. Research on changing fear has highlighted several techniques, most of which rely on the inhibition of the learned fear response. An inherent problem with these inhibition techniques is that the fear commonly returns, for example with stress or even just with the passage of time. I will present research that examines new ways to flexibly control fear and the underlying brain mechanisms. I will describe a brain system mediating various strategies to modulate fear, and present findings suggesting a novel non-invasive technique that could be potentially used to permanently block or even erase fear memories.

Novel optogenetic tools for understanding emergent patterns in neural circuits

Lecture
Date:
Tuesday, January 5, 2010
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Jacob Ziskind Building
Prof. Ofer Yizhar
|
Stanford University, CA

Gamma oscillations are fast (30-80 Hz) rhythmic patterns of neural activity that have been proposed to support information processing in the brain. Gamma rhythms are altered in diseases such as schizophrenia and autism and are therefore of both basic and clinical interest. I have been developing optogenetic tools for light-based control over the activity of genetically defined neuronal populations. A new set of such tools, step function opsins (SFOs), are optimized for modulating the activity of neural circuits and ideal for observing emergent network properties. I will present the molecular engineering approach we used for developing these opsins and show new data on application of these tools to study the mechanisms underlying gamma oscillations in the prefrontal cortex. Some technological aspects will be discussed, with emphasis on the array of available optogenetic tools and how they might be improved to further extend the range of experiments feasible with these new techniques.

Theoretical models of grid cell dynamics and coding in the rat entorhinal cortex

Lecture
Date:
Monday, January 4, 2010
Hour: 11:00
Location:
Nella and Leon Benoziyo Building for Brain Research
Dr. Yoram Burak
|
Center for Brain Science Harvard University

Grid cells in the rat entorhinal cortex display strikingly regular firing responses to the animal's position in 2-D space, and have been hypothesized to form the neural substrate for dead-reckoning. I will address two theoretical questions that arise from this remarkable experimental discovery: First, how is grid cell dynamics generated in the brain. Second, what information is conveyed in grid cell activity. In discussing the first question, I will focus on continuous-attractor models of grid cell activity, and ask whether such models can generate regular triangular grid responses based on inputs that encode only the rat's velocity and heading direction. In a recent work, we provided a proof of concept that such models can accurately integrate velocity inputs, along trajectories spanning 10-100 meters in length and lasting 1-10 minutes. The range of accurate integration depends on various properties of the continous-attractor network. After presenting these results, I will discuss possible experiments that may differentiate the continuous-attractor model from other proposed models, where activity arises independently in each cell. In the second part of the talk, I will examine the relationship between grid cell firing and rat location, asking what information is present in grid-cell activity about the rat's position. I will argue that, although the periodic response of grid cells may appear wasteful, the grid-cell code is in fact combinatorial in capacity, and allows for unambiguous position representations over ranges vastly larger than the ~0.5-10m periods of individual lattices. Further, the grid cell representation has properties that could facilitate the arithmetic computation involved in position updating during path integration. I will conclude by mentioning some of the implications for downstream readouts, and possible experimental tests.

Sound Texture Perception via Synthesis

Lecture
Date:
Sunday, January 3, 2010
Hour: 14:30
Location:
Nella and Leon Benoziyo Building for Brain Research
Dr. Josh McDermott
|
New York University

Many natural sounds, such as those produced by rainstorms, fires, and swarms of insects, result from large numbers of rapidly occurring acoustic events. Such “sound textures” are often temporally homogeneous, and in many cases do not depend much on the precise arrangement of the component events, suggesting that they might be represented statistically. To test this idea and explore the statistics that might characterize natural sound textures, we designed an algorithm to synthesize sound textures from statistics extracted from real sounds. The algorithm is inspired by those used to synthesize visual textures, in which a set of statistical measurements from a real sound are imposed on a sample of noise. This process is iterated, and converges over time to a sound that obeys the chosen constraints. If the statistics capture the perceptually important properties of the texture in question, the synthesized result ought to sound like the original sound. We tested whether rudimentary statistics computed from the responses of a bank of bandpass filters could produce compelling synthetic textures. Simply matching the marginal statistics (variance, kurtosis) of individual filter responses was generally insufficient to yield good results, but imposing various joint envelope statistics (correlations between bands, and autocorrelations within each band) greatly improved the results, frequently producing synthetic textures that sounded natural and that subjects could reliably recognize. The results suggest that statistical representations could underlie sound texture perception, and that in many cases the auditory system may rely on fairly simple statistics to recognize real world sound textures. Joint work with Andrew Oxenham and Eero Simoncelli.

PKMzeta and the core molecular mechanism of long-term memory storage and erasure

Lecture
Date:
Tuesday, December 29, 2009
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Jacob Ziskind Building
Prof. Todd Sacktor
|
SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY

How long-term memories are stored as physical traces in the brain is a fundamental question in neuroscience. Most molecular work on LTP, a widely studied physiological model of memory, has focused on the early signaling events regulating new protein synthesis that mediates initial LTP induction. But what are the newly synthesized proteins that function in LTP maintenance, how do they sustain synaptic potentiation, and do they store long-term memory? Recent studies have identified a brain-specific, autonomously active, atypical PKC isoform, PKMzeta, that is central to the mechanism maintaining the late phase of LTP. In behavioral experiments, the persistent activity of PKMzeta maintains spatial memories in hippocampus, fear-motivated memories in amygdala, and, in work performed in the Dudai lab, elementary associative memories in neocortex. This is because 1-day to several month-old memories appear to be rapidly erased after local intracranial PKMzeta inhibition. PKMzeta, a persistently active enzyme, is thus the first identified molecular component of the long-term memory trace.

Plasticity in high level visual cortex: insights from development and fMRI-adaptation

Lecture
Date:
Tuesday, December 22, 2009
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Jacob Ziskind Building
Dr. Kalanit Grill-Spector
|
Dept of Psychology and Neurosciences Institute Stanford University, CA

The human ventral stream consists of regions in the lateral and ventral aspects of the occipital and temporal lobes and is involved in visual recognition. One robust characteristic of selectivity in the adult human ventral stream is category selectivity. Category selectivity is manifested by both a regional preference to particular object categories, such as faces, places and bodyparts, as well as in specific (and reproducible) distributed response patterns across the ventral stream for different object categories. However, it is not well understood how these representations come about throughout development and how experience modifies these representations and how do. I will describe two sets of experiments in which we addressed these important questions. First, I will describe experiments in which we examined changes in category selectivity throughout development from middle childhood (7-11 years), through adolescence (12-16) into adulthood. Surprisingly, we find that it takes more than a decade for the development of adult-like face and place-selective regions. In contrast, the lateral occipital object-selective region showed an adult-like profile by age 7. Further, recent findings from our research indicate that face-selective regions have a particularly prolonged development as they continue develop through adolescence in correlation with improved face, but not object or scene recognition memory. Development manifests as increases in the size of face-selective regions, increases in face-selectivity as well as increases in the distinctiveness of distributed response patterns to faces compared to nonfaces. Second, I will describe experiments in adults in which we examined the effect of repetition on categorical responses in the ventral stream. Repeating objects decreases responses in the human ventral stream. Repetition in lateral ventral regions manifests as a proportional effects in which responses to repeated objects are a constant fraction of nonrepeating stimuli with no change in selectivity. In contrast in medial ventral temporal cortex, we find differential effects across time scales whereby immediate repetitions produce proportional effects, but long-lagged repetitions sharpen responses, increasing category selectivity. Finally, I will discuss the implications of these results on plasticity in the ventral stream and our theoretical models linking between fMRI measurements and the underlying neural mechanisms.

Ongoing Dynamics and Brain Connectivity: From Intracellular Recordings to Human Neurophysiology

Lecture
Date:
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Jacob Ziskind Building
Dr. Amos Arieli
|
Department of Neurobiology, WIS

What is the temporal precision of cortical activity? It is clear that the wide range of coding schemes occur on different time scales: Millisecond scale characterizes direct sensory events, tens to hundreds of milliseconds scale characterizes attention processes, while different states of alertness can last many seconds. It seems that there is a direct relationship between the time scale and the spatial resolution in cortical activity. The activity involved in a direct sensory process is well defined in small areas; for example an orientation column. On the other hand an attention process involves huge populations and maybe even the whole cortex. In my talk I will try to bridge the gap between the recordings of single neurons (intracellular and extracellular recordings) and the recordings of large populations of neurons (EEG, LFP,VSD or fMRI) in order to understand the spatio-temporal organization underlying the function of cortical neuronal population and it's relation to brain connectivity. I will relate to the following topics: - What is the size of the neuronal population that contributes to the population activity in different cognitive states? - What is the degree of synchronization within this population? - What is the relationship between the population activity and the activity of single cortical neurons? - The dynamic of coherent activity in neuronal assemblies - ongoing & evoked activity

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Learning in Recurrent Networks with Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity

Lecture
Date:
Wednesday, September 23, 2009
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Nella and Leon Benoziyo Building for Brain Research
Prof. Klaus Pawelzik
|
Institute for Theoretical Physics, Dept of Neuro-Physics University of Bremen, Germany

Memory contents are believed to be stored in the efficiency of synapses in recurrent networks of the brain. In prefrontal cortex it was found that short and long term memory is accompanied with persistent spike rates [1,2] indicating that reentrant activities in recurrent networks reflect the content of synaptically encoded memories [3]. It is, however, not clear which mechanisms enable synapses to sequentially accumulate information from the stream of patterned inputs which under natural conditions enter as perturbations of the ongoing neuronal activities. For successful incremental learning only novel input should alter specific synaptic efficacies while previous memories should be preserved as long as network capacity is not exhausted. In other words, synaptic learning should realise a palimpsest property with erasing the oldest memories first. Here we demonstrate that synaptic modifications which sensitively depend on /temporal changes /of pre- and the post-synaptic neural activity can enable such incremental learning in recurrent neuronal networks. We investigated a realistic rate based model and found that for robust incremental learning in a setting with sequentially presented input patterns specific adaptation mechanisms of STDP are required that go beyond the observed synaptic changes for sequences of pre- and post-synaptic spikes [4]. Our predicted pre- and post-synaptic adaptation of synaptic changes in response to respective rate changes are experimentally testable and --if confirmed-- would suggest that STDP provides an unsupervised learning mechanism particularly well suited for incremental memory acquisition by circumventing the stability-plasticity dilemma.

Molecular mechanisms of neuron-glia interactions: roles in development and disease

Lecture
Date:
Tuesday, September 22, 2009
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Jacob Ziskind Building
Prof. Gabriel Corfas
|
F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center Harvard Medical School

Why is visual perception multi-stable?

Lecture
Date:
Tuesday, September 8, 2009
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Arthur and Rochelle Belfer Building for Biomedical Research
Prof. Jochen Braun
|
Cognitive Biology Group Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany

Visual experience is an extrapolation of the retinal image on the basis of prior knowledge about the visual environment. Intriguingly, this inferential process frequently fails to reach a definitive conclusion so that visual experience of a stable scene continues to fluctuate between alternative percepts. This multi-stability of visual perception has long been attributed to adaptive processes that curtail the persistence of any dominant percept. However, more and more evidence points to a fundamentally stochastic, fluctuation-driven nature of multi-stable perception. We have discovered subtle regularities in series of perceptual alternations that allow us to quantify the relative contributions of adaptive and stochastic processes to perceptual reversals. In collaboration with Gustavo Deco, Barcelona, we have used our observations to constrain a generic attractor network model for multi-stable perception (Moreno-Bote et al., 2007). In the context of this model, our measurements imply that multi-stable perception consistently straddles the dividing line between the oscillatory (adaptation dominated) and the bistable (fluctuation-driven) regimes. In other words, visual perception seems to be maintained in a state of criticality. Excitable networks are known to respond most sensitively and with maximal dynamic range when in a state of criticality. Accordingly, visual perception may be maintained in a critical state in order to maximize sensitivity, with multi-stability as an unavoidable side-effect. Our conclusions throw a surprising new light on many well-known observations and raise several new questions. For example, they imply the existence of hitherto unsuspected homeostatic mechanisms.

“Tomorrow is another day": A 24 h persistent synaptic plasticity in hippocampal interneuron circuits

Lecture
Date:
Tuesday, August 18, 2009
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Jacob Ziskind Building
Dr. Israeli Ran
|
Dept of Physiology University of Montreal, Canada

Hippocampal interneurons synchronize the activity of large neuronal ensembles during memory consolidation. Although the latter process is manifested as increases in synaptic efficacy which require new protein synthesis in pyramidal neurons, it is unknown whether such enduring plasticity occurs in interneurons. In the present talk, I will discuss a long-term potentiation (LTP) of transmission at individual interneuron excitatory synapses which persists for at least 24 h, after repetitive activation of type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptors [mGluR1-mediated chemical late LTP (cL-LTPmGluR1 )]. cL-LTPmGluR1 involves pre- and postsynaptic expression mechanisms and requires both transcription and translation via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin and MAPkinase kinase extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase signaling pathways. Moreover, cL-LTPmGluR1 involves translational control at the level of initiation as it is prevented by hippuristanol, an inhibitor of eIF4A, and facilitated in mice lacking the cap-dependent translational repressor, 4E-BP. These results reveal novel mechanisms of long-term synaptic plasticity that are transcription and translation-dependent in inhibitory interneurons, indicating that persistent synaptic modifications in interneuron circuits may contribute to hippocampal-dependent cognitive processes.

Active Sensing by Bat Biosonar: Strategies of Information Flow Control

Lecture
Date:
Monday, August 17, 2009
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Nella and Leon Benoziyo Building for Brain Research
Dr. Marc Holderied
|
University of Bristol, UK

Abstract: Echolocation or biosonar is an alien sense to humans. For us as visually guided mammals it is hard to imagine what an echolocator's acoustic perception of its surroundings 'looks' like. Part of this difficulty arises because vision and biosonar differ fundamentally in a number of ways: a) Vision is based on two dimensional data, i.e. images focused on the retina in the eye, while bats evaluate a linear stream of echoes and have to reconstruct all directional/spatial information from the temporal and spectral properties of the echo stream; b) the number of sensory cells in hearing is much lower than in vision and c) biosonar is a case of active sensing, i.e. bats actively produce the signals with which they probe the environment, while vision (in the vast majority of cases) relies on external light sources. This combination of traits, i.e. limited bandwidth and active sensing has led to a number of behavioural adaptive strategies by which bats control what information about the environment becomes available to them. In a sense, external mechanisms to extract the relevant information from the plethora of available data are far more important in biosonar than in vision. Hence, biosonar offers unique opportunities to study behavioural strategies of information flow control by active sensing. We employed high resolution acoustic tracking techniques and 3D laser scanning of natural habitats to study free flying bats in forests. We investigated how they adapt flight patterns, calling behaviour and sonar signal design to optimize information flow.

Movement selectivity in the human mirror system

Lecture
Date:
Tuesday, July 28, 2009
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Jacob Ziskind Building
Ilan Dinstein New York University Visiting PhD Student – Malach Lab

Abstract: “Monkey mirror neurons are unique visuomotor neurons that respond when executing a particular movement (e.g. grasping, placing, or manipulating) and also when passively observing someone else performing that same movement. Importantly, subpopulations of mirror neurons respond in a selective manner to one preferred movement whether executed or observed. It has been proposed that the activity of mirror neurons underlies the monkey’s ability to perceive the goals and intentions of others. Human mirror neurons are thought to exist in two cortical areas, the anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS) and the ventral premotor (vPM), which have been called the human mirror system. A dysfunction in the responses of this system has been hypothesized to cause impairment in the ability to understand one another resulting in Autism. I will talk about three studies where we characterized the responses of the human mirror system using fMRI adaptation and classification techniques to assess their response selectivity for observed and executed hand movements. Two studies were performed with neurotypical individuals and the third with Autistic individuals.”

Role of Dopamine in Reward: Anatomical and Conceptual Issues

Lecture
Date:
Tuesday, July 14, 2009
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Jacob Ziskind Building
Dr. Satoshi Ikemoto NIDA (Nat. Inst. on Drug Abuse) Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch NIH, USA

Abstract: The mesolimbic dopamine system from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the ventral striatum has been implicated in reward. Using intracranial self-administration procedures, we found that rats learn to self-administer cocaine or amphetamine into the medial portion of the ventral striatum more readily than the lateral ventral striatum. Rats learn to self-administer drugs such as opiates and cholinergic drugs into the posterior portion of the VTA more readily than the anterior VTA. Axonal tracer experiments revealed that the medial ventral striatum is preferentially innervated by dopamine neurons localized in the posterior VTA, while the lateral ventral striatum is preferentially innervated by dopamine neurons in the anterolateral VTA. Therefore, the mesolimbic dopamine system from the posterior VTA to the medial ventral striatum appears to be more responsive for rewarding effects of drugs. In addition, we have studied the nature of the rewarding effects of drugs. We found that noncontingent administration of cocaine or amphetamine into the medial ventral striatum increases leverpressing, when leverpressing contingently elicits visual signals. These results suggest that a function of dopamine in the ventral striatum is to facilitate actions in response to salient stimuli. Dopamine in the medial ventral striatum also appears to facilitate associative learning as shown by conditioned place preference of cocaine. We suggest that ventral striatal dopamine induces an arousing state that facilitates ongoing appetitive responding and reinforcement.

Collective Motion and Decision-Making in Animal Groups

Lecture
Date:
Thursday, July 9, 2009
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Nella and Leon Benoziyo Building for Brain Research
Prof. Iain Couzin
|
Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Program in Computational and Mathematical Biology Princeton University USA

Grouping organisms, such as schooling fish, often have to make rapid decisions in uncertain and dangerous environments. Decision-making by individuals within such aggregates is so seamlessly integrated that it has been associated with the concept of a “collective mind”. As each organism has relatively local sensing ability, coordinated animal groups have evolved collective strategies that allow individuals to access higher-order computational abilities at the collective level. Using a combined theoretical and experimental approach involving insect and vertebrate groups, I will address how, and why, individuals move in unison and investigate the principles of information transfer in these groups, particularly focusing on leadership and collective consensus decision-making. An integrated "hybrid swarm" technology is introduced in which multiple robot-controlled replica individuals interact within real groups allowing us new insights into group coordination. These results will be discussed in the context of the evolution of collective biological systems.

Neuronal Avalanches in the Cortex:A Case for Criticality

Lecture
Date:
Tuesday, July 7, 2009
Hour: 15:00
Location:
Arthur and Rochelle Belfer Building for Biomedical Research
Prof. Dietmar Plenz
|
Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience NIMH, USA

Complex systems, when poised near a critical point of a phase transition between order and disorder, exhibit scale-free, power law dynamics. Critical systems are highly adaptive and flexibly process and store information, which prompted the conjecture that the cortex might operate at criticality. This view is supported by the recent discovery of neuronal avalanches in superficial layers of cortex. The spatiotemporal, synchronized activity patterns of avalanches form a scale-free organization that spontaneously emerges in vitro as well as in vivo in the anesthetized rat and awake monkeys. Avalanches are established at the time of superficial layer differentiation, require balanced fast excitation and inhibition, and are regulated via an inverted-U profile of NMDA/dopamine-D1 interaction. Neuronal synchronization in the form of avalanches naturally incorporates nested theta/gamma-oscillations as well as sequential activations as proposed for synfire chains. Importantly, a singleavalanche is not an isolated network event, but rather its specific occurrence in time, its spatial spread, and overall size is part of an elementary organization of the dynamics that is described by three fundamental power laws. Overall, these results suggest that neuronal avalanches indicate a critical network dynamics at which the cortex gains universal properties found at criticality. These properties constitute a novel framework that allow for a precise quantification of cortex function such as the absolute discrimination of pathological from non-pathological synchronization, and the identification of maximal dynamic range for input-output processing.

Critical thoughts on critical periods: Are children better than adults at acquiring skills?

Lecture
Date:
Tuesday, July 7, 2009
Hour: 12:30
Location:
Jacob Ziskind Building
Prof. Avi Karni
|
Department of Human Biology University of Haifa

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