Interferometers customarily include quantum point contacts (QPCs), serving as electronic beam splitters. the partitioned charge is sensitive to the filling factor and the details of the QPC. When the particle charge is determined by quantum shot noise, the interferometer is guaranteed to measure the phase evolution of the charged particles. Typical interferometers are Fabry-Perot and Mach-Zehnder types. The main source of dephasing is neutral modes that carry energy without net charge. Ways to quench the neutral modes (if not topological) are part of our research.
